Ikaneng Yingwane, medical student at Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, expands his series on medical ethics with a review of religiosity.
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Religion and medical practice are two concepts that are sometimes thought to be controversial when discussed in the same context, and one tends to have influence over the other. Religiosity, the level of adherence to religious beliefs and practices, has a multifaceted impact on medicine, influencing everything from individual health behaviour to healthcare policies and delivery. This complex relationship between religion and medicine has evolved over centuries and: varies greatly across religious traditions and cultures. Understanding these dynamics requires exploring several key dimensions.
An essential aspect of religiosity’s influence on medicine is its effect on health behaviours and lifestyle choices. Many religions advocate for a practice that promotes mental and physical well-being, such as dietary restrictions, meditation, and abstinence from harmful substances (e.g., alcohol). Some communities emphasise the importance of seeking medical help when needed, viewing it as a means of alleviating suffering and promoting healing; this could ultimately lead to a reduction in the burden of disease. However, others may rely heavily on alternate therapies or spiritual practices, sometimes leading to delays in seeking conventional medical treatment, and others outrightly reject some interventions in emergencies as they are prohibited by their religious beliefs, and the fact that they are vital in saving their lives is completely negated.
Religious institutions play a significant role in healthcare, especially in religions where they provide a substantial portion of healthcare services. Faith-based organisations often integrate spiritual support with medical treatment, addressing a patient’s holistic needs. This approach can enhance patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment plans, particularly among persons who value religious guidance and support. Furthermore, religiosity intersects with bioethical considerations, influencing attitudes toward issues such as euthanasia, abortion, and assistive reproduction technologies. Religious teaching often shapes individuals’ moral frameworks and guides their decisions. Healthcare professionals are not immune to their respective teachings, which sometimes influences how they want to practice medicine, and this raises an ethical dilemma.
Religion can influence healthcare policy and legislation, as religious beliefs and values inform public discourse on matters of health and morality. It can also impact disparities, as religious communities may face unique challenges accessing healthcare services due to factors such as cultural barriers, socioeconomic status, or discrimination. This can be witnessed when minority religious groups have difficulties finding providers who appreciate their cultural and religious needs.
Religiosity can serve as a source if coping mechanism and resilience in the face of illness and adversity. Many individuals draw strength from their faith during times of illness, turning to prayer, religious rituals, and community support for emotional and spiritual sustenance. Despite these potential benefits, religiosity in medicine can also present challenges particularly when conflicts arise between religious beliefs and best medical practices. Healthcare professionals ought to navigate these ethical dilemmas with sensitivity and respect for patients’ beliefs while upholding their duty to evidence-based care.
Religiosity has a great influence on medical practice, shaping health behaviours, healthcare delivery, bioethical considerations, policy decision, and health disparities. Healthcare professionals need to understand and recognise the interplay between medicine and religion to be able to provide culturally competent care that respects patients’ religious beliefs and values while promoting optimal health outcomes.
